046Transition metal · Group 10 · Period 5
Palladium
Palladium (Pd) is element 46, a transition metal in the d-block — group 10, period 5. It is a solid at room temperature with 4 electron shells (2, 8, 18, 18) and an atomic mass of 106.421 u.
- Atomic mass
- 106.4 u
- Phase · STP
- solid
- Melting
- 1828 K · 1555 °C
- Boiling
- 3236 K · 2963 °C
- Electronegativity
- 2.2
- Density
- 12.023 g/cm³
Photograph — Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/palladium.php
Identity
- Atomic number
- 46
- Standard atomic weight
- 106.4 u
- Category
- Transition metal
- Group
- 10
- Period
- 5
- Block
- d-block
- Oxidation states
- +3, +2
Physical properties
- Melting point
- 1828 K · 1555 °C
- Boiling point
- 3236 K · 2963 °C
- Density
- 12.023 g/cm³
- Molar heat capacity
- 25.98 J/(mol·K)
- Atomic radius
- 202 pm
- Electron affinity
- 54.24 kJ/mol
Atomic structure
46protons
60neutrons
46electrons
18valence e⁻
- Noble-gas notation
- [Kr] 4d10
- Full configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 4d10
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 18, 18
Periodic trends
Where Palladium ranks across all 118 elements.
Ionization energies
Energy to remove each successive electron (kJ/mol).
804.41
1.9k2
3.2k3
Successive ionization energies (kJ/mol, log scale).
Discovery
- Discovered
- 1803
- Discovered by
- William Hyde Wollaston
- Named by
- —
- Appearance
- silvery white