050Post-transition metal · Group 14 · Period 5
Tin
Tin (Sn) is element 50, a post-transition metal in the p-block — group 14, period 5. It is a solid at room temperature with 5 electron shells (2, 8, 18, 18, 4) and an atomic mass of 118.7107 u.
- Atomic mass
- 118.7 u
- Phase · STP
- solid
- Melting
- 505 K · 232 °C
- Boiling
- 2875 K · 2602 °C
- Electronegativity
- 1.96
- Density
- 7.365 g/cm³
Photograph — Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: http://images-of-elements.com/tin.php
Identity
- Atomic number
- 50
- Standard atomic weight
- 118.7 u
- Category
- Post-transition metal
- Group
- 14
- Period
- 5
- Block
- p-block
- Oxidation states
- +4, +2
Physical properties
- Melting point
- 505 K · 232 °C
- Boiling point
- 2875 K · 2602 °C
- Density
- 7.365 g/cm³
- Molar heat capacity
- 27.112 J/(mol·K)
- Atomic radius
- 217 pm
- Electron affinity
- 107.2984 kJ/mol
Atomic structure
50protons
69neutrons
50electrons
4valence e⁻
- Noble-gas notation
- [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
- Full configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p2
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 18, 18, 4
Periodic trends
Where Tin ranks across all 118 elements.
Ionization energies
Energy to remove each successive electron (kJ/mol).
708.61
1.4k2
2.9k3
3.9k4
7.5k5
Successive ionization energies (kJ/mol, log scale).
Discovery
- Discovered
- Ancient
- Discovered by
- unknown, before 3500 BC
- Named by
- —
- Appearance
- silvery-white (beta, β) or gray (alpha, α)