030Transition metal · Group 12 · Period 4
Zinc
Zinc (Zn) is element 30, a transition metal in the d-block — group 12, period 4. It is a solid at room temperature with 4 electron shells (2, 8, 18, 2) and an atomic mass of 65.382 u.
- Atomic mass
- 65.38 u
- Phase · STP
- solid
- Melting
- 693 K · 420 °C
- Boiling
- 1180 K · 907 °C
- Electronegativity
- 1.65
- Density
- 7.14 g/cm³
Photograph — Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/zinc.php
Identity
- Atomic number
- 30
- Standard atomic weight
- 65.38 u
- Category
- Transition metal
- Group
- 12
- Period
- 4
- Block
- d-block
- Oxidation states
- +2
Physical properties
- Melting point
- 693 K · 420 °C
- Boiling point
- 1180 K · 907 °C
- Density
- 7.14 g/cm³
- Molar heat capacity
- 25.47 J/(mol·K)
- Atomic radius
- 139 pm
- Electron affinity
- -58 kJ/mol
Atomic structure
30protons
35neutrons
30electrons
2valence e⁻
- Noble-gas notation
- [Ar] 3d10 4s2
- Full configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 18, 2
Periodic trends
Where Zinc ranks across all 118 elements.
Ionization energies
Energy to remove each successive electron (kJ/mol).
906.41
1.7k2
3.8k3
5.7k4
8.0k5
10.4k6
12.9k7
16.8k8
19.6k9
23.0k10
Successive ionization energies (kJ/mol, log scale).
Discovery
- Discovered
- 1746
- Discovered by
- India
- Named by
- —
- Appearance
- silver-gray